This Electronics Seminar Topic deals with the following:

This paper focuses on the need to measure the field of vision. For every individual this plays a vital role.

Thus Bio-Medical Instrumentation shows its role and here ‘The Field of Vision’.

As the world’s population grows the need for health care increases. In recent years progress in medical care has been rapid,especially in such fields as Ophthalmology’s major reason for this progress has been the manage of two important disciplines: Medicine and Engineering.

There are similarities between these two disciplines and there are differences,but there is no doubt that cooperation between them has produced excellent results.This fact can be well attested to by man or woman who has received many more years of useful life because of the help of a prosthetic device,or from careful and meaningful monitoring during a critical illness

INTRODUCTION:

Field of Vision is the term used for the measurement of vision or for the test used to measure exact vision. A person’s “uncorrected” vision refers to the visual acuity without glass or contact lenses.

The eye’s optical system is very complex. For best vision, light must travel through an undistorted cornea, a normal lens and other clear media before reaching a healthy retina, connected to the brain by the visual pathway. We really “see” with our brain, not the eyes. When trying to understand this concept about vision, it’s often best to think of the eye and brain, as a radio, where the eye is only the antenna of the radio, which gathers airwaves or signals for the radio electronics to perform and play music; the radio’s signal processing power being analogous to one’s brain.

NEED TO MEASURE THE FIELD OF VISION:
This vision sense is the faculty which enables us to perceive the shape of objects in the outer world. We are accustomed to speak of the ability to distinguish the shapes of the ability to distinguish the shapes of the objects on the rear side. Hence, it is always important to know one’s field of vision.

For an athlete to compete others in a fraction of second this field of vision helps a lot. The rear vision to view persons running back makes him to win and to keep the time management. This is just an illustration. Likewise each and every individual should possess normal field of vision for their activities and hence measurement of field of vision plays a vital role.

NEW METHODOLOGY TO MEASURE THE FIELD OF VISION:
There are several methods of testing the field of vision.
Conformation test:
A rough method which is applied, used when there is slightest suspicion of defect. Here the surgeons test the range of patient’s vision field by watching his\he movement of eyes continuously. Hence, this may lead to human error and also this method is repeated 10-12 times.

Perimetric method:
This consists of perimeter of rotating type consisting of chart.This is a graphical analysis.

Campimetry method:
This method is applicable only to the central and paracentral areas. Hence, this method can’t be applied for all needs.

Taking into account the importance to measure the field of vision and also to overcome the drawbacks of the current methods, ,we introduce the computerized way of measuring the the field of vision in this paper ,”A NEW METHODOLOGY” using a simple LED arrangement which is simple and cost effective in each and every aspect. This is time saving and it does leads to any human error.

PRINCIPLE:
Every individual has his own range of vision. A human can the rear objects (both right an left) even when his eyeball remains focused at a single point straightly.This principle is taken into account in our new approach.

LOGIC:
Assume a patient approaches a doctor, for his sight problem that he is not able to view the vehicles coming at rear side while he is driving.Now comes the need to measure his field of vision . Now the patient is asked to view the LED arrangement kept before him and he is provided with a switch. The LED’S are arranged in such a manner such that only one LED glows at a time. The patient is instructed to press the switch if he could recognize the glow of led keeping his eye vision focused to a particular point in the straight line. Now we can diagnose the field of vision of that particular patient using the in-built program of the system and we can provide proper treatment and remedy.

CONSTRUCTION:
The construction of this computer aided field of vision instrument basically consists of a series of LEDS whose output is interfaced with the system with the parallel port network.The switch which is handled by the patient is also interfaced to the system. The timer IC is used to maintain the time schedule for LEDS to glow. The glow of led is fed as input to photo – resistor whose output is fed into the system. An inbuilt assembly code is written in order to convert the input signal to the required data.

WORKING:
The switches are connected to the input lines of the parallel port. An external voltage power supply is used to provide high logic levels to the input pin, when the switches are open. The resistor connected in the series in the port connection provide protection in case, a connection was made to the wrong pin.The negative side of the power supply is connected to the ground point. A program in-built in the system can be used to read the state of the switches.

The program waits for the user to press the switch and it encodes the data accordingly. If the switch is closed the value corresponding to the high level and when the switch is opened the value corresponds to zero. So, we detect how many LEDS the patient has recognized from his switch operation, along with how many LED’S that has actually glow. From the datas encoded in the system we can find the particular person’s field of vision using the formula

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