This IT Engineering Seminar Topic deals with the following:
1. INTRODUCTION
What is navigation? From, time immemorial human beings relied on natural signpost and the position of celestial bodies to find the desired route. As the population increase the need for better transportation increase. With the increase in automobiles came the problem of traffic congestion. This led to research in the field of navigation engineering. This brought about a wave of technological breakthroughs.
In this report I have included the major navigation systems such as GPS aided navigation system, two-dimensional vehicle tracking using video image processing, the position location arid reporting system used by the US Army and Marine Corps. Neural networks structure can be used to automate high way driving.
2. AN INFORMATION STRUCTURAL MODEL OF VEHICLE NAVIGATION AND ITS IMPLICATIONS
This paper proposes a simple model to provide a framework for investigating human behavior with vehicle navigation aids. This model consists of planning, decision- making, control, and perception. Decisions are made by comparing perceived cues from the outside view with the expected cues from planning. VNA assist mainly in dynamic planning, providing support and updating to the cognitive map, navigators have of their environment.
VNA aims at assisting drivers in car navigation; human capabilities and limitations have to be incorporated in VNA designs. To date research in vehicle navigation has not provided sufficient models to support such designs. There are many aspects of vehicle navigation with VNA have not been intensively addressed with models. The interactions between the human driver, the machine and the natural view of the environment is one of them.
A VNA system is assumed to have at least the following Characteristics
1. It has a database of navigation information. The database provides geographical and other relevant information about the area that the vehicle is traveling through.
2. It has a capability of locating the current position of the vehicle.
3. There is an algorithm making dynamic suggestions on route selection.
4. It has an interface, which presents the navigation model to the human driver.
Fig. 1 shows the basic activities and their information relations in traditional car driving without VNA. The human driver constantly observes the environment catching a variety of cues, such as road signs, trees and buildings. The perceived cues are then compared with the expected cues in driver’s memory. The expected cues are created from the drivers planning activity. When the driver cannot match the perceived cues with the expected cues for a period of time, he/she is loosing his/her orientation. There are two basic characteristics of expected cues.
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