This Electronics Engineering Seminar Topic deals with the following.

A nanometer is one billionth of a meter. If you blew up a baseball to the size of the earth, the atoms would become visible, about the size of grapes. Some 3- 4 atoms fit lined up inside a nanometer. Nanotechnology is about building things atom by atom, molecule by molecule. The trick is to be able to manipulate atoms individually, and place them where you wish on a structure.

Nanotechnology uses well known physical properties of atoms and molecules to make novel devices with extraordinary properties. The anticipated pay off for mastering this technology is beyond any human accomplishment thus far.

Nature uses molecular machines to create life.Scientists from several fields including chemistry, biology, physics, and electronics are driving towards the precise manipulation of matter on the atomic scale. How do we get to nanotechnology? Several approaches seem feasible. Ultimately a combination may be the key.

The goal of early nanotechnology is to produce the first nano-sized robot arm capable of manipulating atoms and molecules into a useful product or copies of itself. Nanotechnology finds applications as nanotubes, in nanomedicine and so on.Soon you have trillions of assemblers controlled by nano super computers working in parallel assembling objects quickly.

Ultimately, with atomic precision, everything could be made. It’s all a matter of software.

A nanometer is one billionth of a meter. That’s a thousand, million times smaller than a meter. If you blew up a baseball to the size of the earth, the atoms would become visible, about the size of grapes. Some 3- 4 atoms fit lined up inside a nanometer. Nanotechnology is about building things atom-by-atom, molecule-by-molecule. The trick is to be able to manipulate atoms individually, and place them where you wish on a structure. Thus nanotechnology can be defined as:

“Thorough, inexpensive control of the structure of matter based on molecule-by-molecule control of products and byproducts; the products and processes of molecular manufacturing. “

LEARNING FROM NATURE
Technology-as-we-know-it is a product of industry, of manufacturing and chemical engineering.   Industry-as-we-know-it takes things from nature—ore from mountains, trees from forests—and coerces them into forms that someone considers useful. Trees become lumber, then houses. Mountains become rubble, then molten iron, then steel, then cars. Sand becomes a purified gas, then silicon, and then chips. And so it goes. Each process is crude, based on cutting, stirring, baking, spraying, etching, grinding, and the like.

Trees, though, are not crude: To make wood and leaves, they neither cut, grind, stir, bake, spray, etch, nor grind. Instead, they gather solar energy using molecular electronic devices, the photosynthetic reaction centers of chloroplasts. They use that energy to drive molecular machines —active devices with moving parts of precise, molecular structure—which process carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and molecular building blocks. They use other molecular machines to join these molecular building blocks to form roots, trunks, branches, twigs, solar collectors, and more molecular machinery. Every tree makes leaves, and each leaf is more sophisticated than a spacecraft, more finely patterned than the latest chip from Silicon Valley. They do all this without noise, heat, toxic fumes, or human labor, and they consume pollutants as they go. Viewed this way, trees are high technology. Chips and rockets aren’t.

Trees give a hint of what molecular nanotechnology will be like, but nanotechnology won’t be biotechnology. Like biotechnology—or ordinary trees—molecular nanotechnology will use molecular machinery, but unlike biotechnology, it will not rely on genetic meddling.

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